{"id":25525,"date":"2024-09-29T07:02:00","date_gmt":"2024-09-28T23:02:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v3\/?p=25525"},"modified":"2025-10-10T17:39:07","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T09:39:07","slug":"solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"Solid Waste Management (SWM) in a Circular Economy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">A circular economy (CE) is a systemic approach to economic development designed to benefit businesses, society, and the environment. Unlike the traditional linear economy, which follows a &#8216;take, make, dispose&#8217; model, the circular economy focuses on minimising waste and reusing resources. At its core, CE emphasises reducing resource input and waste generation through reuse, recycling, and recovery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, a Solid Waste Management (SWM) strategy is integral to achieving a circular economy. Proper SWM ensures that materials are kept in use for as long as possible and helps to close resource loops. However, waste management remains a global challenge, especially with growing waste generation and inadequate systems in many regions.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-2-1-002-2024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25521\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-2-1-002-2024.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-2-1-002-2024-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-2-1-002-2024-150x95.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-2-1-002-2024-600x380.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Composition of Wastes Generated Globally (Data Source:The World Bank)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Why Does a Proper SWM Matter?<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A successful SWM system is a vital component of good governance. Effective waste management reduces adverse health and environmental impacts, conserves resources, and improves urban liveability. Furthermore, SWM plays an essential role in achieving sustainable development, as emphasised in several international development agendas and charters. For example, a sustainable SWM system can contribute to achieving the United Nations\u2019 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SDG6:<\/strong> Clean Water and Sanitation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SDG11:<\/strong> Sustainable Cities and Inclusive Communities<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SDG12:<\/strong> Responsible Consumption and Production<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SDG13:<\/strong> Climate Action<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SDG15:<\/strong> Life on Land<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Solid waste management, particularly when aligned with circular economy principles, fosters a more sustainable, resource-efficient urban economy. It encourages a reduction in the consumption of finite resources and promotes the reuse and recycling of materials, ultimately helping to eliminate waste, reduce pollution, save costs, and stimulate green growth.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-3-1-002-2024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-3-1-002-2024.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-3-1-002-2024-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-3-1-002-2024-150x82.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-3-1-002-2024-600x328.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In a circular economy, the cost of waste is reduced. (Image Credit: UNEP Global Waste Management Outlook 2024)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Despite the urgent need for effective SWM, global waste generation continues to rise, driven by economic growth, improved lifestyles, and increased consumerism. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, an estimated <strong>11.2 billion tonnes<\/strong> of solid waste are collected worldwide each year, with the decay of organic waste contributing approximately <strong>5% of global greenhouse gas emissions<\/strong>. E-waste, in particular, presents a rapidly growing challenge, as it contains hazardous substances that can have severe environmental consequences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While city administrators are tasked with managing municipal solid waste, the problem extends beyond urban waste. Several waste streams\u2014such as agricultural waste, construction and demolition debris, and industrial solid waste\u2014often go unrecorded but can be much larger than municipal waste. Globally, industrial solid waste is <strong>18 times greater<\/strong> than municipal solid waste, and agricultural waste is <strong>4.5 times greater<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Towards a Circular Economy: Waste Management<\/strong><strong>\u2019<\/strong><strong>s Role<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The concept of a <strong>Circular Economy<\/strong> has emerged as a vital solution to waste management challenges. Rather than following the traditional linear economy model, where resources are extracted, used, and discarded, the circular economy seeks to keep materials in use for as long as possible through reuse, recycling, and remanufacturing.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"460\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-4-1-002-2024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25523\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-4-1-002-2024.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-4-1-002-2024-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-4-1-002-2024-584x420.jpg 584w, https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-4-1-002-2024-150x108.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-4-1-002-2024-600x431.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A circular waste management system would reduce waste volumes. Image Credit: UNEP\/Global Waste Management Outlook 2024)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Adopting a circular economy approach could significantly reduce the global waste burden. According to the <strong>Global Waste Management Outlook 2024<\/strong>, if the world embraces circular economy practices by 2050, the volume of municipal solid waste could be reduced from over <strong>4.5 billion tonnes<\/strong> annually to less than <strong>2 billion tonnes<\/strong>. The report also estimates that this approach could eliminate uncontrolled waste disposal and cut landfill waste by more than <strong>40%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Financially, transitioning to a circular economy could save billions in waste management costs. Continuing with current practices could cost the world <strong>$417 billion a year<\/strong> by 2050, a sharp rise from <strong>$252 billion in 2020<\/strong>. In contrast, adopting circular economy practices\u2014such as waste reduction and increased recycling\u2014could cap costs at under <strong>$255 billion<\/strong> per year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By minimising waste and maximising resource efficiency, the circular economy also addresses broader environmental concerns. The mismanagement of organic waste, for instance, contributes significantly to methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas. Methane emissions from solid waste are expected to rise by <strong>13 million tonnes<\/strong> annually over the next decade. Moreover, the disposal of plastic waste, which can leak into ecosystems, continues to have detrimental effects on biodiversity and marine life.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-5-1-002-2024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25524\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-5-1-002-2024.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-5-1-002-2024-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-5-1-002-2024-150x95.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-5-1-002-2024-600x380.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The waste management hierarchy is a fundamental principle in waste legislation. (Data Credit: GACERE)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Challenges of the Linear Economy<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The current <strong>Linear Economy<\/strong> model is unsustainable in light of the triple planetary crises of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The mismanagement of solid waste, especially organic and hazardous materials, is a significant contributor to global environmental degradation. Organic waste, particularly from food systems, is responsible for approximately <strong>20% of methane emissions<\/strong>, while plastic waste pollution in aquatic ecosystems is expected to nearly triple by 2040 without intervention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plastic waste has devastating effects on marine ecosystems, causing both lethal and sub-lethal harm to countless species. The chemicals leaching from plastic also threaten human and marine health. Similarly, hazardous waste mismanagement contaminates soil and freshwater, exacerbating environmental damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As such, the role of SWM in achieving global sustainability goals cannot be overstated. As we look toward the future, aligning solid waste practices with circular economy principles becomes an opportunity for innovation, economic growth, and environmental stewardship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Ideal SWM Hierarchy To Drive A Circular Economy<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unido.org\/sites\/default\/files\/unido-publications\/2024-06\/Working%20Paper_Circular%20Economy%20and%20Solid%20Waste.pdf\">Global Alliance on Circular Economy and Resource Efficiency<\/a> has conducted an extensive study on circular economy-based operational changes in various industries across the globe. Based on the analysis of the data collected, they have narrowed down the following legislation principles in the waste management hierarchy to build and sustain a circular economy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Extraction, Processing, Manufacture, and Distribution:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP):<\/strong><ul><li>Essential for minimising solid waste during the early stages of product lifecycles, such as raw material extraction and manufacturing. RECP identifies waste and pollution generation points and offers feasible methods for reducing or recycling these outputs.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>Challenges:<\/strong> Many enterprises, especially MSMEs, are hesitant to adopt RECP due to limited access to capital, despite its potential to reduce costs and environmental impact. Government support in training and certification could increase adoption.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>Industrial Symbiosis:<\/strong> Encourages collaboration between enterprises where waste from one serves as raw material for another. Government-backed platforms could facilitate these exchanges.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Design for Circularity:<\/strong> This approach ensures products are designed for reuse, recycling, or value recovery. Incentivising companies to adopt circular designs\u2014such as using eco-friendly materials\u2014can lead to a more sustainable supply chain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Use and Consumption:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Consumer Decisions:<\/strong><ul><li>Reducing solid waste begins with consumers making conscious decisions, such as choosing not to buy certain products (&#8220;Refuse&#8221;) or opting for rental services, which leads to fewer products being circulated and ultimately discarded.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Consumers can also choose durable, repairable, and second-hand products, thus extending product life and reducing waste.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>Government Role:<\/strong> Governments can support circular consumption by educating consumers, implementing public procurement strategies for circular products, and providing fiscal incentives for environmentally friendly products.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Maintaining Products:<\/strong> Proper maintenance and repair further prolong the lifespan of products, reducing the rate of waste generation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Remanufacturing, Refurbishing, Cascading, and Recycling:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Remanufacturing and Refurbishing:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>By disassembling, repairing, and reassembling products, the useful lives of parts are extended, significantly reducing waste. Refurbishing offers a similar process but yields lower-quality outcomes compared to remanufacturing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cascading:<\/strong> Involves reusing materials with minimal processing, which extends the useful life of resources without the need for extensive recycling processes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Recycling:<\/strong> When no other reuse or remanufacturing options exist, recycling converts materials back into raw inputs for new products. However, challenges arise with mixed-material waste, which increases processing costs. Source-separation of waste can streamline recycling, making it more efficient.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR):<\/strong> Governments can introduce EPR policies where manufacturers take responsibility for the end-life management of their products, promoting closed-loop recycling.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Role of Innovation in Promoting Circular Practices:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Innovation as a Key Driver:<\/strong> Circular solutions require innovative product designs, business models, and partnerships. Governments can support this through startup incubators, R&amp;D programs, and low-interest loans.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Government Policies:<\/strong> Existing policies could be adapted to prioritise circular solutions by encouraging innovation, facilitating collaborations (e.g., between businesses and academia), and offering fiscal incentives.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Public Procurement and Standards:<\/strong> Governments can drive demand for circular products by setting procurement standards, supporting certification systems, and adjusting fiscal incentives to make circular alternatives more competitive than their linear counterparts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>By addressing these stages, governments, enterprises, and consumers can work together to transition toward a circular economy that minimises solid waste and reduces environmental impacts. Each article can focus on different aspects, such as the <strong>role of enterprises<\/strong> and government policies in <strong>reducing waste in manufacturing<\/strong> for one article, and <strong>consumer behaviour and recycling practices<\/strong> in the other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To summarise, effective Solid Waste Management is critical for addressing the environmental and health crises facing urban areas today. Cities worldwide must transition from the linear economy to the <strong>Circular Economy<\/strong>, where resources are reused, waste is minimised, and sustainable practices are adopted. By investing in waste reduction, recycling, and energy recovery, city administrators can significantly reduce the environmental and economic impacts of waste, paving the way for a more sustainable and liveable future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>References<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/solid-waste-management\/Solid-waste-collection\">\u201cBritannica \u2014 Solid Waste Management\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/explore-topics\/resource-efficiency\/what-we-do\/cities\/solid-waste-management\">\u201cUnited Nations Environment Programme \u2014 Solid Waste management\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unido.org\/sites\/default\/files\/unido-publications\/2024-06\/Working%20Paper_Circular%20Economy%20and%20Solid%20Waste.pdf\">\u201cCircular Economy and Solid Waste \u2014 United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO)\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/global-waste-management-outlook-2024\">Global Waste Management Outlook 2024<\/a>&#8220;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cMunicipal solid waste management in Malaysia: Practices and challenges, Waste Manag. 2009\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/urbandevelopment\/brief\/solid-waste-management\">\u201cWorld Bank Solid Waste Management\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ojs.amhinternational.com\/index.php\/imbr\/article\/view\/3410\">\u201cSolid Waste Management in Malaysia: An overview\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/340528735_Municipal_Solid_Waste_Management_in_the_Sarawak_State_of_Malaysia_and_the_Way_Forward\">\u201cMunicipal Solid Waste Management in the Sarawak State of Malaysia and the Way Forward\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mphlg.sarawak.gov.my\/web\/subpage\/news_view\/479\">\u201cDr Sim: Waste collected by councils increasing every year\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rmke12.ekonomi.gov.my\/storage\/fileUpload\/2021\/08\/2021082959_dr_s_sri_umeswara.pdf\">\u201cCircular Economy Solid Waste Management \u2014 Kementerian Ekonomi\u201d<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style='text-align:center' class='yasr-auto-insert-visitor'><!--Yasr Visitor Votes Shortcode--><div id='yasr_visitor_votes_7d966b22b4849' class='yasr-visitor-votes'><div class=\"yasr-custom-text-vv-before yasr-custom-text-vv-before-25525\">Click to rate this post!<\/div><div id='yasr-vv-second-row-container-7d966b22b4849'\r\n                                        class='yasr-vv-second-row-container'><div id='yasr-visitor-votes-rater-7d966b22b4849'\r\n                                      class='yasr-rater-stars-vv'\r\n                                      data-rater-postid='25525'\r\n                                      data-rating='0'\r\n                                      data-rater-starsize='16'\r\n                                      data-rater-readonly='true'\r\n                                      data-rater-nonce='595a440470'\r\n                                      data-issingular='false'\r\n                                    ><\/div><div class=\"yasr-vv-stats-text-container\" id=\"yasr-vv-stats-text-container-7d966b22b4849\"><svg xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\"\r\n                                   class=\"yasr-dashicons-visitor-stats\"\r\n                                   data-postid=\"25525\"\r\n                                   id=\"yasr-stats-dashicon-7d966b22b4849\">\r\n                                   <path d=\"M18 18v-16h-4v16h4zM12 18v-11h-4v11h4zM6 18v-8h-4v8h4z\"><\/path>\r\n                               <\/svg><span id=\"yasr-vv-text-container-7d966b22b4849\" class=\"yasr-vv-text-container\">[Total: <span id=\"yasr-vv-votes-number-container-7d966b22b4849\">0<\/span>  Average: <span id=\"yasr-vv-average-container-7d966b22b4849\">0<\/span>]<\/span><\/div><div id='yasr-vv-loader-7d966b22b4849' class='yasr-vv-container-loader'><\/div><\/div><div id='yasr-vv-bottom-container-7d966b22b4849' class='yasr-vv-bottom-container'><div class='yasr-small-block-bold'><span class='yasr-visitor-votes-must-sign-in'>You must sign in to vote<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><!--End Yasr Visitor Votes Shortcode--><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An overview of Solid Waste Management (SWM) and its crucial role in the circular economy. This article highlights key concepts, challenges, and global efforts to transform waste into valuable resources.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1131,"featured_media":25520,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"yasr_overall_rating":0,"yasr_post_is_review":"","yasr_auto_insert_disabled":"","yasr_review_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23,2,32,36,46],"tags":[4162,5053,5051,5054,5050,5048,3701,2667,5052,5049],"class_list":{"0":"post-25525","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-from-rakan-sarawak","8":"category-featured","9":"category-lestari","10":"category-general-info","11":"category-rencana","12":"tag-circular-economy","13":"tag-environmental-protection","14":"tag-global-trends","15":"tag-recycling","16":"tag-resource-efficiency","17":"tag-solid-waste-management","18":"tag-sustainability","19":"tag-sustainable-development","20":"tag-waste-reduction","21":"tag-waste-to-energy"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Solid Waste Management (SWM) in a Circular Economy - RAKAN Sarawak<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Solid Waste Management (SWM) in a Circular Economy - RAKAN Sarawak\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"An overview of Solid Waste Management (SWM) and its crucial role in the circular economy. This article highlights key concepts, challenges, and global efforts to transform waste into valuable resources.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"RAKAN Sarawak\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rakanswk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-09-28T23:02:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-10T09:39:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-1-1-002-2024.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"340\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"rakan11sarawak\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@RAKANSarawak\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@RAKANSarawak\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"rakan11sarawak\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"rakan11sarawak\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#\/schema\/person\/47ef78eee69b543e989aa342aea1bcfa\"},\"headline\":\"Solid Waste Management (SWM) in a Circular Economy\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-28T23:02:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-10T09:39:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/\"},\"wordCount\":1561,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-1-1-002-2024.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Circular Economy\",\"Environmental Protection\",\"Global Trends\",\"Recycling\",\"Resource Efficiency\",\"Solid Waste Management\",\"Sustainability\",\"Sustainable Development\",\"Waste Reduction\",\"Waste-to-Energy\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Dari RAKAN Sarawak\",\"Featured\",\"Lestari\",\"Paparan Semasa | News Feature\",\"Rencana\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/\",\"name\":\"Solid Waste Management (SWM) in a Circular Economy - RAKAN Sarawak\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-1-1-002-2024.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-28T23:02:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-10T09:39:07+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-1-1-002-2024.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-1-1-002-2024.jpg\",\"width\":640,\"height\":340,\"caption\":\"Municipal solid waste is a growing threat that transcends local and regional boundaries. Now a global challenge that looms over public health, environmental, social, and economic costs. (Photo Credit: The World Bank)\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Solid Waste Management (SWM) in a Circular Economy\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/\",\"name\":\"RAKAN Sarawak\",\"description\":\"An eyewitness to Sarawak\u2019s transformation\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Rangkaian Khidmat Awam Negeri Sarawak\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#organization\",\"name\":\"RAKAN Sarawak\",\"alternateName\":\"Rangkaian Khidmat Awam Negeri Sarawak\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/logo-rstagline.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/logo-rstagline.png\",\"width\":172,\"height\":120,\"caption\":\"RAKAN Sarawak\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rakanswk\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/RAKANSarawak\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#\/schema\/person\/47ef78eee69b543e989aa342aea1bcfa\",\"name\":\"rakan11sarawak\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ab0ab1e51e45a6eb4f4c6b9227eff2d26bf45c9c0f905475aecb875f5b354e40?s=96&r=g&d=https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/plugins\/userswp\/assets\/images\/no_profile.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ab0ab1e51e45a6eb4f4c6b9227eff2d26bf45c9c0f905475aecb875f5b354e40?s=96&r=g&d=https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/plugins\/userswp\/assets\/images\/no_profile.png\",\"caption\":\"rakan11sarawak\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/myprofile\/rakan11sarawak\/\"},false]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Solid Waste Management (SWM) in a Circular Economy - RAKAN Sarawak","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Solid Waste Management (SWM) in a Circular Economy - RAKAN Sarawak","og_description":"An overview of Solid Waste Management (SWM) and its crucial role in the circular economy. This article highlights key concepts, challenges, and global efforts to transform waste into valuable resources.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/","og_site_name":"RAKAN Sarawak","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rakanswk","article_published_time":"2024-09-28T23:02:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-10-10T09:39:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":640,"height":340,"url":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-1-1-002-2024.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"rakan11sarawak","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@RAKANSarawak","twitter_site":"@RAKANSarawak","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"rakan11sarawak","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/"},"author":{"name":"rakan11sarawak","@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#\/schema\/person\/47ef78eee69b543e989aa342aea1bcfa"},"headline":"Solid Waste Management (SWM) in a Circular Economy","datePublished":"2024-09-28T23:02:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-10T09:39:07+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/"},"wordCount":1561,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-1-1-002-2024.jpg","keywords":["Circular Economy","Environmental Protection","Global Trends","Recycling","Resource Efficiency","Solid Waste Management","Sustainability","Sustainable Development","Waste Reduction","Waste-to-Energy"],"articleSection":["Dari RAKAN Sarawak","Featured","Lestari","Paparan Semasa | News Feature","Rencana"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/","url":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/","name":"Solid Waste Management (SWM) in a Circular Economy - RAKAN Sarawak","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-1-1-002-2024.jpg","datePublished":"2024-09-28T23:02:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-10T09:39:07+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-1-1-002-2024.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SI-11-1-1-002-2024.jpg","width":640,"height":340,"caption":"Municipal solid waste is a growing threat that transcends local and regional boundaries. Now a global challenge that looms over public health, environmental, social, and economic costs. (Photo Credit: The World Bank)"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/2024\/09\/29\/solid-waste-management-swm-in-a-circular-economy\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Solid Waste Management (SWM) in a Circular Economy"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/","name":"RAKAN Sarawak","description":"An eyewitness to Sarawak\u2019s transformation","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Rangkaian Khidmat Awam Negeri Sarawak","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#organization","name":"RAKAN Sarawak","alternateName":"Rangkaian Khidmat Awam Negeri Sarawak","url":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/logo-rstagline.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/logo-rstagline.png","width":172,"height":120,"caption":"RAKAN Sarawak"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rakanswk","https:\/\/x.com\/RAKANSarawak"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#\/schema\/person\/47ef78eee69b543e989aa342aea1bcfa","name":"rakan11sarawak","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ab0ab1e51e45a6eb4f4c6b9227eff2d26bf45c9c0f905475aecb875f5b354e40?s=96&r=g&d=https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/plugins\/userswp\/assets\/images\/no_profile.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ab0ab1e51e45a6eb4f4c6b9227eff2d26bf45c9c0f905475aecb875f5b354e40?s=96&r=g&d=https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-content\/plugins\/userswp\/assets\/images\/no_profile.png","caption":"rakan11sarawak"},"url":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/myprofile\/rakan11sarawak\/"},false]}},"yasr_visitor_votes":{"stars_attributes":{"read_only":true,"span_bottom":"<div class='yasr-small-block-bold'><span class='yasr-visitor-votes-must-sign-in'>You must sign in to vote<\/span><\/div>"},"number_of_votes":0,"sum_votes":0},"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-04-14 05:53:06","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1131"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25525"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25525\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25526,"href":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25525\/revisions\/25526"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25520"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rakansarawak.com\/v4\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}